Establishing Strategic Pay Plan

Presentation The Companies Act, 1956 accommodates an assortment of organizations of which can be advanced and enlisted under this Act. The three essential kinds of organizations which might be enlisted under the Act are: †¢ Private organizations; †¢ Public organizations ; and †¢ Producer organizations PRIVATE COMPANY Section 3(1)(iii),a privately owned business implies an organization, which has a base settled up capital of one lakh rupees or such more generously compensated up capital as might be recommended , and by its articles: a) Restricts the option to move its offer, if any ) Limits the quantity of its part to fifty c) Prohibits any solicitation to people in general to buy in for any offer in , or debenture of the organization d) Prohibits any greeting or acknowledgment of store from individual other than its part, chiefs of their family member. Open COMPANY Section 3(1) (IV), open organization implies an organization which: an) It not a privately owned business ; b) Has least paid â€up capital of five lakhs rupees such more generously compensated †up capital as might be recommended; ) Is a privately owned business which is an auxiliary of an organization which is definitely not a privately owned business An open organization might be supposed to be an affiliation comprising of at least 7 individuals, which is enrolled under this Act NOTE each open organization existing on the beginning of the organizations (Amendment)Act, 2000. with a settled up capital of under five lakh rupees, was required to inside the a time of multi year from such initiation, upgrade its settled up capital of five lakhs rupees.Where an open organization neglected to do so such organization was esteemed to be Defunt Company inside the significance of segment 560. Representative STOCK OPTION SCHEME (ESOS) Employee Stock Option Scheme implies the alternative given to the Whole Time Directors, Officers and Employees of the Company which gives them a privilege or advantage to buy or buy in the protections offered by the Company at a foreordained cost sometime not too far off. THE MINIMUM WAGES ACT, 1948 ACT NO. 11 OF 1948 1* fifteenth March, 1948. ] An Act to accommodate fixing least paces of wages in specific jobs. The Minimum Wages Act, 1948 is intended to â€Å"prevent abuse of the laborers and for this reason it focuses on obsession of least pace of wages which the business must compensation â€Å"The least pace of wages fixed or modified may comprise of the essential pace of wages to be balanced by the varieties in the typical cost for basic items file number (cost living allowance).It likewise incorporates house lease stipend. The Payment of Wages Act 1936 †agreeing ,all association utilizing short of what one thousand workers must compensation the wages before lapse of the seventh after quite a while after the most recent day of wages period and before the expiry of the tenth day on the off chance that it utilizes at least thou sand representatives . all installment must be made on working days . n instance of fired representatives all wages earned by them will be paid before the lapse of the second working day from the day business is ends. All wages must be paid in current coin or cash or with a money order or credit in the bank by earlier authorisation. FIXING OF MINIMUM RATE OF WAGES. Fixing of least paces of wages. †) fix the base paces of wages payable to representatives utilized in a business indicated in Part I or Part II of the Schedule and in a business added to either Part by notice under area 27: Provided that the suitable Government may, in regard of workers utilized in a work determined in Part II of the Schedule, rather than fixing least paces of wages under this proviso for the entire State, fix such rates for a piece of the State or for any predefined class or classes of such work in the entire State or part thereof; b) Review at such stretches as it might suspect fit, such spans not surpassing five years, the base paces of wages so fixed and reexamine the base rates, if fundamental: Concepts of Wages: While developing, wage strategy, three ideas of wages, viz, I) least wages, ii) reasonable wages, iii) living wages are by and large considered.These are comprehensively founded on the requirements of laborers, limit of the worker to pay, and the general monetary conditions winning in a nation. The lowest pay permitted by law Minimum compensation is one which gives not just to uncovered food of life, yet additionally for the safeguarding of the productivity of laborer. For this reason, the lowest pay permitted by law should likewise accommodate some proportion of instruction, clinical necessities and pleasantries. Reasonable Wage Fair pay is comprehended in two different ways. From a tight perspective, wage is reasonable on the off chance that it is equivalent to the rate winning in a similar exchange and in the area for comparable work. From a more extensive pers pective, it will be reasonable in the event that it is equivalent to the overwhelming rate for comparative work all through the nation. Living Wage Living compensation is a stage higher than reasonable wage.Living pay might be portrayed as one which would empower the worker to accommodate himself/herself and his/her family not just the minimum necessities of life like food, garments, and sanctuary, however a proportion of cheap solace including training for youngsters; security against sick wellbeing; prerequisites of fundamental social needs; and/or proportion of protection against the more significant adversities including mature age. WHAT IS COMPENSATION? Pay might be as monetary returns, substantial administrations, and advantages got by representatives as a major aspect of their work. It does exclude different types of remunerations, for example, acknowledgment and relational connections etc.Extrinsic Rewards will be rewards that a representative gets in light of the activity i tself, including money pay, advantages, advancements and employer stability. Natural prizes originate from the workplace and are esteemed inside by the worker. Occupation fulfillment, confidence, accomplishment, development, and expert and self-awareness are a few instances of inborn prizes. COPONENTS OF COMPENSATION SYSTEM Compensation frameworks are planned keeping in minds the vital objectives and business targets. Remuneration framework is planned based on specific factors in the wake of dissecting the activity work and obligations. Parts of a remuneration framework are asfollows:TYPES OF Compensation gave to representatives can coordinate as money related advantages and additionally roundabout as non-financial advantages known as advantages, downtime, and so on. Remuneration does exclude just pay yet it is the whole all things considered and recompenses gave to the representatives as a byproduct of their administrations. On the off chance that the remuneration offered is viably overseen, it adds to high hierarchical efficiency. †¢Direct Compensation †¢Indirect Compensation Strategy Strategic pay is deciding and giving the remuneration bundles to the workers that are lined up with the business objectives and objectives.In today’s serious situation associations need to take unique measures in regards to pay of the representatives so the associations hold the significant representatives. The pay frameworks have changed from conventional ones to key pay frameworks. Or on the other hand Compensation Strategy is the organization’s plan for how pay choices on the sorts and measure of pay are made, in view of the premiums of the workers and keeping with the organization’s crucial serious situation in the market. Pay POLOCIES A pay strategy gives general rules to settling on pay choices. A few representatives may see their firm’s pay approaches as being reasonable and fair-minded and other may have diverse opinions.The afteref fect of these recognitions may well have an impact an employee’s view of reasonableness and result in lower efficiency or turnover. Pay pioneers. Pay pioneers are associations that pay higher wages and pay rates than contending firms. Utilizing this methodology, they feel that they will have the option to pull in high-caliber, profitable representatives and accordingly accomplish lower per-unit work costs. Market Rate: it is the normal compensation that most managers accommodate a comparable employment in a specific territory or industry. Pay adherents: organizations that decide to pay beneath the going rate in view of a poor monetary condition or a conviction that they don't require exceptionally competent workers Labor Market is the land region from which an association initiates representatives and where people look for business .Market Rate is the pace of pay built up for a â€Å"benchmark job† outside of the association. It is resolved however the assortment of pa y information gathered from overviews of various associations Forms of Pay Base Pay is pay dependent on time worked, for example, a yearly compensation or a time-based compensation and it does exclude pay advantages, additional time or impetus pay Performance Pay is a money related onetime installment made to a worker, group or the entire association for accomplishing results set up toward the start of an exhibition cycle . Legitimacy Pay is a money related prize given in acknowledgment of exceptional execution which expands base compensation. It might be paid in a singular amount or added steadily to base pay.Indirect Pay is a piece of an employee’s all out remuneration bundle, non-money things or administrations gave to workers consequently to their commitment to the association (I. e. , medical advantages, took care of time). Now and then the expenses for the things are shared by the PAY STRUCTURE Once work examination has been done associations need to settle on the compe nsation structures. Pay structure alludes to the way toward setting up the compensation for an occupation in an association. The procedure manages inside and outer investigation to evaluate the remuneration bundle for a vocation profile. Inner value, External value and Individual value are the most famous compensation structures. Expected set of responsibilities gives the inside and out information about the activity profile and its value. Pay structures are the solid determinant of employee’s esteem in the organization.It helps in breaking down the employee’s job and status in the association. It accommodates fai

Comparing A Midsummers Nights Dream, King Richard II, and King Lear :: comparison compare contrast essays

Summaries of Outsourcing Works Free Essays

Synopsis # 1 : 2 In their article Outscouring Types, Relative Wages, and the Demand for Skilled Workers: New Evidence from the U. S. Assembling Aekapol Chongvilaivan, Jung Hur and Yohanes E. We will compose a custom article test on Synopses of Outsourcing Works or on the other hand any comparative point just for you Request Now Ryianto examine the effects of re-appropriating on relative wages of firm specialists. The idea of re-appropriating suggests that organizations contract out some degree of creation in the vertical chain of creation. The creators guarantees that there is a connection between redistributing types and relative wages of gifted and incompetent specialists. Truth be told, the scientists theory guarantee that downstream materials and administration re-appropriating are affected by specialist aptitude, while upstream materials re-appropriating isn't. To begin with, the creators separate the idea of re-appropriating in three classifications. The primary kind comprise of upstream material re-appropriating. A firm doing so will redistribute the creation of contributions for a decent. The subsequent sort comprises of downstream creation in which firms redistribute the creation of the last item. The third sort comprises of administration re-appropriating parts, for example, interchanges, bookkeeping, inspecting , accounting and PC administrations. The creators clarify that each kind require various degrees of aptitudes for work. Accordingly, they don't have a similar effect on interest for talented work. Prior to leading their investigation, the creators checked on past writing on the subject. A powerful examination to the writers inquire about is one composed by Blum in 2007. This investigated writing indicated that movements of structures in the economy enterprises could clarify the rising wages for gifted laborers. Another compelling writing concentrated by the scientists is one examination directed by Amiti and Weu (2006). This examination assessed the effects of contracting out on the profitability in the United-States. Amiti and Weu (2006) clarify that if firms can universally piece the wasteful pieces of their creation procedure by re-appropriating, they would then be able to represent considerable authority in the piece of the creation procedure in which they have relative favorable position locally. The investigation directed by Manufacturing Aekapol Chongvilaivan, Jung Hur and Yohanes E. Ryianto contrasts from past ones as a result of their differentiation among talented and untalented laborer. Another distinctive part of the examination is the division of upstream and downstream redistributing as various classifications . Rather than utilizing a board information examination analysts utilized a cross industry investigation. So as to lead their exploration on effect of redistributing on relative wages, the creators have recovered their data from different information sources. The first is the 2002 Annual review of Manufactures(ASM). This source offered creators data on â€Å"wages and work of the talented and incompetent laborers over the assembling sector†. Specialists additionally utilized the 2002 monetary evaluation as an information source where they got the â€Å"cost and creation structure of assembling firms and furthermore their utilization of capital and services†. To gauge the business portion of gifted laborers the creators utilized a short run cost work dependent on the Brown and Christensen(1981 model). To quantify downstream and upstream redistributing impacts on relative wages, specialists dispersed aptitude wage share with various logarithm of components of creation. With respect to results, creators found that if import share isn't huge on wage hole among gifted and untalented specialists. Scientists found a negative connection among capitals and the relative interest for talented laborers. The creators additionally present that bigger enterprises have higher pay portion of talented laborers. This can be because of their cost advantage as a firm. Analysts additionally found that material redistributing demonstrate the path to a decrease in the general profitability of work in the short-run. Subsequently, the productivity of positively affects relative wages. The creators show that downstream materials and administration re-appropriating positively affect the wages of talented laborers comparative with those of untalented specialists. Analysts additionally indicated that upstream material redistributing negatively affects relative wages of laborers. The creators finish up by asserting that innovation is impacted by expertise in the assembling division. Synopsis # 2 : Hartmut Egger and Peter Egger are creators of International redistributing and the efficiency of low-talented work in the EU. Their article shows the connections among redistributing and the efficiency of low gifted work. For their work, the creators guarantee that in the short run redistributing has a minor negative impact on commitments of laborers. They gauge that over the long haul be that as it may, that re-appropriating positively affects genuine worth included per specialist. The analysts depended on past examinations led by Feenstra and Hanson to structure their investigation. Feenstra and Hanson’s article examined the impacts of offshoring and re-appropriating on the work advertise in the U. S. Other persuasive investigations utilized by creators considered the exchange relationship of the E. U with creating nations. For their investigation, the analysts utilized different wellspring of information to examine the relationship of redistributing and specialist profitability. To start with, creators alluded to the sources New Cronos (Eurostats) and Stan (OECD) to acquire numbers on efficiency per specialist, genuine gross creation, work and training in the European Union. Additionally, to gauge the idea of redistributing analysts utilized EU-yield input tables. At long last, the creators utilized information from the UN information on middle of the road merchandise exchange. The informational indexes picked by analysts were registered utilizing translog capacities and CES capacities. CES alludes to consistent versatility of replacement; a capacity that incorporate complex creation or utility capacities. Such capacities offer reproduction of the redistributing impact on the normal profitability of work. The estimations where dependent on three fundamental trademark presumptions. The first being that re-appropriating moves some portion of the creation to different nations economies and markets. Furthermore, by amplifying their overflow firms need to change their factor business. Thirdly, the contrast between the short-run and the since quite a while ago run impacts of contracting out might be expanded because of defects in business sectors. More firms may have the motivator to react to contending organizations redistributing. Subsequent to investigating information with capacities scientists made the accompanying discoveries: The first identifies with re-appropriating appears to utilize a noteworthy negative impact on low aptitude specialist profitability. Their examination demonstrated that. Likewise, scientists showed that over the long haul redistributing positively affected the profitability of low gifted work. The distinction between the short-run and the since quite a while ago run impacts of worldwide redistributing might be amplified by item showcase blemishes. The creators finish up their work by asserting that low-gifted work efficiency development in the European ventures in the short run was essentially animated by the change in physical capital stocks and ability overhauling instead of fracture of creation across outskirts. The most effective method to refer to Summaries of Outsourcing Works, Papers

Critical Thinking Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Basic Thinking - Research Paper Example At the point when HP, Compaq, and Dell created PCs and offered to the people at a moderate cost, the market developed at an exponential rate. It was past the point of no return for IBM then to snatch a decent offer in PC advertise. A basic and imaginative deduction on some portion of the IBM to serve enormous little shoppers at a moderate expense would have forestalled others to get the gigantic market that it finished into inside 10 years or somewhere in the vicinity. Through and through freedom is a philosophical term for which most logicians accept that the unrestrained choice is connected with moral obligation. Acting with through and through freedom implies one is answerable for ones activity. Through and through freedom, as indicated by Rene Descartes, implies opportunity of decision to do or not to accomplish something (Stanford reference book of Philosophy, 2010). Socrates appropriately said that fact can be drawn closer by complete obliviousness and not by any assumptions and convictions. At the point when one inquiries all settled conviction framework then one goes closer to reality. As a rule, it is accepted that information is an observational wonder however as indicated by ‘rationalists’, information can likewise be picked up simply by deduction. This differences the view purpose of ‘empiricists’ that all information is increased through perceptions. So as to comprehend what information is and how it will be accessible, one needs to consider over what job knowing may play or what characteristic worth it might offer †if there is any (Internet Encyclopedia of reasoning (2012). For the most part, sentiments are shaped before hand before delving further into the subtleties. Every single one of us has biased convictions and assessments about such a large number of things and that come in our manner in finding reality. Feelings with no premise are incredible hindrances to our free reasoning. Egocentrism is obstruction to basic reasoning since it rotates around conceited reasoning. It has two significant structures known as self-serving and self-intrigued thinking. Egocentrism creates because of predominance feeling in

20 Opinion Essay Topics How to Write about the History of Architecture in an Interesting Way

20 Opinion Essay Topics How to Write about the History of Architecture in an Interesting Way The substance of a paper is dictated by the topic to be talked about yet its structure depends intensely on the subject you pick. Accordingly, when composing a conclusion paper, the initial step to molding your sentiment and that of the peruser begins with choosing a subject that awakens the desire to learn in the peruser. Composing on the historical backdrop of engineering is an undertaking that can be improved if a theme that really interests the peruser is picked. This article will endeavor to furnish you with certain subjects on the historical backdrop of engineering which will fill in as an entryway into studying old societies and their effects on the design of their time. Analyzing the Role of Ancient Cultures in Driving Architectural Growth Engineering in the Neolithic Era and the Birth of Modern Architectural Designs Neolithic Architecture and its Role in Human Creative Growth Spotting Religious Influences in Ancient Architectural Design Understanding the Importance of Religion in Ancient Architecture and Creative Design The Effects of Roman Architectural Innovations to Urban Planning Illustrating the Architectural Innovative Feats of the Roman Era Talking about Islamic Architecture and the Cultures that Influenced it The Unchanging Face of Chinese Architecture as the years progressed Chinese Architecture and its broad Influence Over Asia The Incan Architecture and the History of Suspension Bridges European Medieval Architecture and its Religious Influences The Need for Defense and Offense in Ancient Societies and Medieval Architecture Gothic Architecture and the Rise of the Christian Religion in Europe The Rise of Renaissance Architecture and the Structures it Inspired The Spread of Italian Renaissance Architecture and its Impact in sixteenth Century Europe The Impact of Aksumite Architecture over The Sahel Region The Spread of Gothic Architecture and the Role of French Architects A Study of African Architecture and its External Influences The Incan Architectural Feats and its Impact on Asian South American structures Above are the themes on the historical backdrop of design which you can use to build up your sentiment exposition on old societies and the engineering insurgencies they birthed. You can pick any of the recorded subjects as yours or look for some motivation from them. Additionally, we mean to give an example article utilizing a point recorded above as the motivation behind it. So please stay tuned to get familiar with composing aâ greatâ essay. Finally, realities from the complimentary article which gives 10 realities to a sentiment paper on the historical backdrop of engineering will be utilized in building up the example exposition in the coming passages. Test Essay: Dissecting the job of Ancient Architecture Cultures in Driving Architectural Growth The history or engineering through the ages has been loaded with the social convictions of the individuals who made the structures that characterized past times. In my exposition, I plan to investigate the job of culture as a deciding element in propelling the field of design as we probably am aware it. To viably talk about culture and antiquated building development, I trust it is essential to initially comprehend the importance of culture and what makes up the social texture of a general public. Culture is characterized as the thoughts, customs, strict convictions and social personal conduct standards of a general public. As man developed from being a singular animal to living in networks, social qualities gradually got set up and were spoken to by works of art on cavern dividers. With time, around 10,000 BC, the Stone Age saw the first run through man made compositional structures to fill in as lodging for the nuclear family. Similarly as with the works of art that characterized the Stone Age, 10,000 BC design was likewise enlivened by the way of life of its kin. In this way, engineering in the Neolithic period comprised of stone works masterminded in roundabout structure to oblige both ancient man and the tamed creatures they saved for taking care of. Here, the cultivating and assembling society pervasive in the Neolithic age prompted dividing the home into rooms and segments for the keeping of both plant and creature life. The requirement for steady excursions to water grounds and to assemble food additionally assumed a job in propelling the making of street ways for simple development. The social effect on engineering likewise proceeded after the ancient time as can be found in the compositional structures known as Mesopotamia design. In old Egypt, the confidence in numerous divine beings and their immediate effect on each circle of human life prompted the need to make expand homes for these divine beings on earth. In this way religion assumed a colossal job in compositional development as huge landmarks, for example, the Sphinx sculptures tributes to the god Ra-were cleverly worked with the utilization of stone, mortar just as cutting edge pulley frameworks which were wonders about that time. European engineering isn't likewise deprived of social impacts. In antiquated Rome, enormous sanctuaries were additionally worked to oblige the numerous divine beings that affected the roman culture. However, the planners in old Rome made development a stride further by building urban structures, for example, the amphitheater, triumphant curve, showers and gladiatorial grounds to cook for the amusement, learning and unwinding needs of people. While in medieval Europe, a culture of warring, extension and outside animosity prompted the structure of building wonders devoted to the specialty of safeguarding and assaulting the foe. With the approach of Christianity and the Christian lifestyle, the structural scene of Europe changed to oblige the structure of huge church buildings utilizing old roman examples just as the Italian renaissance procedures which incorporated viewpoint in compositional pieces to motivate the individuals. Islamic design additionally took motivation from the engineering of antiquated Iran as can be seen from the repetitive utilization of huge vaults and towers in the structure of mosques. At long last, African engineering in the provincial period is an extraordinary sign of the impacts of culture in design. This is on the grounds that it coordinated African, European, Christian, Arabic and Islamic societies in the building artful culminations that can be seen over the mainland. References: Fletcher, B. (1961). A History of design on the Comparative Method. first ed. New York: Scribner. Harland, J. also, Bell, W. (2003). The Architecture of Ancient Greece: An Account of Its Historic Development. The Classical Weekly, 46(16), p.242. Deals Carbonell, J. (2014). Roman Spectacles Buildings as a Setting forâ Martyrdom and its Consequences in Christian Architecture . Diary of Ancient Architecture and Archeology. Buiskikh, A. (2007). On the Question of the Stylistic Influences reflected in the Architecture and Art of Chersonesos: Snake-legged Goddess or Rankenfrau. Antiquated Civilizations from Scythia to Siberia, 13(3), pp.157-181. Shilliam, R. (2015). Pioneer Architecture or Relatable Hinterlands? Locke, Nandy, Fanon, and the Bandung Spirit. Groups of stars, 23(3), pp.425-435. Williams, K. (2014). Design, Astronomy and Sacred Landscape in Ancient Egypt by Giulio Magli. Nexus Network Journal, 16(3), pp.825-828. Amirkhani, An., Okhovat, H. what's more, Zamani, E. (2010). Antiquated Pigeon Houses: Remarkable Example of the Asian culture solidified in the design of Iran and focal Anatolia. Asian Culture and History, 2(2).

How to Research Social Justice Topics

How to Research Social Justice TopicsSocial justice topics have been the stuff of blog posts, academic research, and media discussions for a long time. As important as issues such as pay equity, racial profiling, and other important issues of social justice are, the need to research the topic has only become more important as the past decade has progressed. This is because many of the most important social justice issues are the ones that affect our everyday lives; and as you might imagine, this can be quite difficult for a layperson.To get a grasp on the subject matter at hand, it helps to break down the problem issues into more concrete terms. This way, we can also start to think of solutions. For instance, it helps to remember that racial profiling is not just about stopping people for speeding and arresting them on a technicality; there is the more severe problem of being stopped by police on the street without probable cause or lawful justification.Race and gender discrimination are the two main types of discrimination; these are the key issues in a larger spectrum of discrimination that affects many different sectors of society. Along with the aforementioned issues of race and gender discrimination, discrimination in the workplace is also a problem that needs to be addressed; it is becoming increasingly common to see in the modern world that women earn less money than men, and the gap continues to grow as women hold a smaller percentage of leadership positions than men.Amongst the world's most talked about topics of social justice, these are definitely two of the top ones. The others include poverty, racism, segregation, homophobia, domestic violence, sexual assault, suicide, prostitution, child labour, alcohol abuse, child neglect, poverty, immigration, and the environment. Every issue related to social justice needs to be tackled in an ethical manner, because if we do not, there will always be a downside of using such tactics.When researching topics tha t may be related to social justice, you will want to find out what the societal benefit is. It is also importantto compare the benefits of one approach over another. For instance, it is worthwhile comparing the benefit of raising children within society, with that of the advantages that are obtained from higher education.The second most important aspect of researching the topic is the importance of the population to the discussion. If the discussion cannot appeal to the minority population, the subject becomes moot. This means that you should never underestimate the importance of minorities in a society; especially in areas such as politics, media, science, and the arts.Research the controversy: When discussing controversial topics, one of the best things you can do is to find out what the mainstream opinion is on the topic. If there is enough media attention on the issue, there is almost certainly going to be enough popular opinion.The last important thing you need to do is to rese arch the situation's nuances. Take note of how each of the issues are addressed in history. Take note of how the actual situation is treated in historical times; as well as whether or not the original, original decision was made.

Existentialism Dostoyevsky The Dream of a Ridiculous Man - 275 Words

Existentialism in Dostoyevsky Novels: The Dream of a Ridiculous Man (Essay Sample) Content: Existentialism in Dostoyevsky NovelsNameInstitutionAbstractFrom the beginning of its development, existentialism has grown into a movement of thought and gathered the best minds of the past two centuries. Not always existentialism is found in works as a bare philosophy or a metaphysical principle; it can also be encrypted in a novel or an essay. Therefore, Dostoyevsky is the one who made existential philosophy a literary phenomenon. He makes readers stroke the meaning of the story by constructing strong dialogs between characters. He is sending us a message by questioning the reality itself. As a Christian, he reveals the ideas from a religious perspective that are also shared by Kierkegaard, since he also was a person of faith. Some say, that his novels are the best art pieces of existentialism that the world has ever seen. The Dream of a Ridiculous Man: A Fantastic Story  and Notes from Underground  encompass the major postulates of the existential philosophy. Dostoyevsky might infuse his characters with great existential ideas, but he is not the one who shares the similar views. We cannot prove these claims wrong or right at their core; however, we cannot deny that Dostoyevskys works made a huge influence on the existential movement itself.Keywords: existentialism, philosophy, movement, Dostoyevsky, character.Existentialism in Dostoyevsky NovelsThe Dream of a Ridiculous Man: A Fantastic StoryIn Dostoevskys short essay The Dream of a Ridiculous Man: A Fantastic Story , the main features of the existential philosophy ideas are put forwards in his classic manner. The first and the main evidence of the philosophical connection lies in the anxious mental state that the character experiences throughout the half of the story. He is going through an existential crisis and feels alienation, which is the central emotion and state of mind in the existential philosophy. In particular, this feeling could be ontological, gnoseological and social. In truth, existentialism does not imply the existence as an objective reality; indeed, it believes that the existence is irrational by itself. In other words, one projects the reality and sees it through own perspective. Existence here is a conscience and therefore serves as a basis for two worlds, subjective and objective. However, the character realizes that all the people are really himself (his own perspective of conscience) and understands the absurdity of life that he cannot comprehend anymore. He becomes aware of the irrationality of the world but cannot accept it to be the reality. Therefore, the inability to welcome the truth makes the man consider a suicide. In the The myth of Sisyphus  Albert Camus said, Suicide makes all humans existentialists  (Camus O 'Brien, 1975). Therein, the great problem of alienation in existentialism derives from the opposition: an individual, the inner human existence to the external (natural and social) world, rational and intuitive kno wledge (irrational).Eventually, the narration turned the tide of events and the man acquainted a poor girl that made the character feel a special emotion. He felt sorry for the girl and could not get over this feeling though it was making him angry and anxious. At this particular moment, the man questioned his freedom. In the Dostoyevsky world, you can be either a believer or a free person. The faith in God is closely intertwined with the idea, that you should not be a sinner; therefore, believe means to no longer feel free. The ability to feel sorry for the sufferings of a living creature belongs to the highest and noblest manifestations of the human anthropological perspective, in which heroes of Dostoevskys novel live. The commandment of God requires of man's love for one's neighbour.Gradually, the suicidal character experiences a powerful dream, where his mind alters under surreal circumstances and at the end of the dream he becomes emphatic to this girl in a true sense (Dostoye vsky, Pevear Volokhonsky, 1993). Since the writer himself was a Christian, and there are, many references in his works that concern God it can be assumed that the man in the story found his own faith. Both Kierkegaard and Dostoyevsky are known to be Christians and include their views in works (Kaufmann, 1956). In his works, Kierkegaard mentioned heavy dread that comes as a result of ones understanding of worlds meaningless, however, he unlike Sartre and Nietzsche found that feeling is helpful in terms of faith (Kierkegaard, 1957). Therefore, faith to Kierkegaard was something that a person should hold on to in the world without value. Human existence for him focuses on a belief in something that can make a person avoid heavy consequences of anguish.Notes from UndergroundMoreover, Dostoevskys novel Notes from Underground  is an accurate example of the existential reference in the literature. Walter Kaufman believes that it is one of the most revolutionary books in the world of ex istential literature (Kaufmann, 1956). The mood of the novel clearly defines beginning with the first two chapters. In these several pages, the underground man  centres his mood, anxiety, experience and thoughts making the narration unresolved with full depth questions of being . This makes such questions existential. He is trying to project the meaning into the world to define himself, as it is the only thing left after acknowledging that you cannot foresee the tomorrow. However, he is conscious of the nothingness of himself as a being. The origin of the mans sufferings comes from the difference between himself and the rest of the world. People tend to project their thoughts, feelings, and the inner world individually (Kierkegaard, 1957). However, he cannot understand that everything that he projects is actually himself. The character is divided into two types of people, the normal  and abnormal . The man considers normal  as the ones that are silly and have a demons trative nature. Whereas the abnormal  individuals are a highly conscious people. He envies the silly people because they cannot comprehend all the possible morals and truths that the world bears. The existentialism holds a position that existence comes before essence, therefore life itself is meaningless. Since we cannot predict what was the real purpose of life before it even started to exist. The people in the world of underground man  are not interested i...

Still Separate, Still Unequal By Jonathan Kozol - 1121 Words

The essay â€Å"Still Separate, Still Unequal†, written by Jonathan Kozol, discusses the actuality of intercity public school systems, and the isolation and segregation of inequality that students must be subjected to in order to receive an education. Jonathan Kozol illustrates the grim reality of the inequality that African American and Hispanic children face within todays public education system. In this essay, Kozol shows the reader, with alarming statistics and percentages, just how segregated Americas urban schools have become. He also brings light to the fact that suburban schools, with predominantly white students, are given far better funding and a much higher quality education, than the poverty stricken schools of the urban neighborhoods. Jonathan Kozol brings our attention to the obvious growing trend of racial segregation within America’s urban and inner city schools. He creates logical support by providing frightening statistics to his claims stemming from h is research and observations of different school environments. He also provides emotional support by sharing the stories and experiences of the teachers and students. His credibility is established by the author of Rereading America by providing us with his collegiate background. This is also created from his continual involvement with isolated and segregated educational school systems and keeps tone sincerity throughout his essay. Within the essay, Still Separate, Still Unequal, Jonathan Kozol’s argument isShow MoreRelated`` Still Separate Still Unequal `` By Jonathan Kozol999 Words   |  4 PagesIn Jonathan Kozol â€Å"Still Separate Still Unequal† the author discusses how education for inner city school kids greatly differs from white school kids. â€Å"Schools that were already deeply segregated twenty-five or thirty years ago are no less segregated now† (Kozol 143). Although in 1954 the popular court case Brown vs Board of Education should have ended segr egation in schools. The author shows how â€Å"the achievement gap between black and white children continues to widen or remain unchanged,† (KozolRead MoreEssay about â€Å"Still Separate, Still Unequal† by Jonathan Kozol699 Words   |  3 PagesIn the essay â€Å"Still Separate, Still Unequal† by Jonathan Kozol, the situation of racial segregation is refurbished with the author’s beliefs that minorities (i.e. African Americans or Hispanics) are being placed in poor conditions while the Caucasian majority is obtaining mi32 the funding. Given this, the author speaks out on a personal viewpoint, coupled with self-gathered statistics, to present a heartfelt argument that statistics give credibility to. Jonathan Kozol is asking for a change in thisRead MoreStill Separate, Still Unequal Analysis Essay1233 Words   |  5 PagesStill Separate, Still Unequal â€Å"Still Separate, Still Unequal†, written by Jonathan Kozol, describes the reality of urban public schools and the isolation and segregation the students there face today. Jonathan Kozol illustrates the grim reality of the inequality that African American and Hispanic children face within todays public education system. In this essay, Kozol shows the reader, with alarming statistics and percentages, just how segregated Americas urban schools have become. He also bringsRead MoreEducational Fears Are Lack Of Ability, Not Belonging, And Failure Essay1427 Words   |  6 PagesGreatest Fear Essay Educational fears are lack of ability, not belonging, and failure. Jonathan Kozol explores these fears in â€Å"Still Separate, Still Unequal: America’s Apartheid†. Lack of ability is an example of an educational fear, as Kozol says that about minorities not having prior experience in school, so they don’t have the same ability as other students. Not belonging is another example of an educational fear, Kozol says these minority students feel like they don’t belong, when most of the school’sRead MoreStill Separate, Still Unequal1648 Words   |  7 PagesStill Separate, Still Unequal Segregation is a topic that has been discussed for decades. Segregation in schools wasnt really dealt with. The government basically disguised it and kept it away from the public. Brown V. Board of Education, Plessy V. Ferguson, and Jim Crow Laws was the cover, but it didnt solve anything. Segregation isnt just about race, its also financially. When money is involved in the situation theres a major advantage. Johnathan Kozol talks about how were still separateRead MoreThe Logical, Emotional, And Credible Evaluation Of `` Still Separate, Still Unequal ``1482 Words   |  6 Pagesand Credible Evaluation of â€Å"Still Separate, Still Unequal.† Jonathan Kozol is an American writer from Boston, Massachusetts, and a graduate of Harvard University. He began his career as a teacher in the Boston school system and also became involved in the study of social psychology. Later he became an activist for low income and poverty destined children who are not provided the means for a proper education. The essay â€Å"Still Separate, Still Unequal†, by Jonathan Kozol, discusses the harsh truthRead More`` Still Separate, Still Unequal `` By David Matthews Essay1579 Words   |  7 Pagesbenefits are granted to the most disadvantaged people. The articles, â€Å"Still Separate, Still Unequal† by Jonathan Kozol, â€Å"Rethinking Affirmative Action† by David Leonhardt, and Progress Made, but Science Still a Man s World: News by David Matthews, all illustrate how John Rawls’s principles are still not being realized today to their fullest extent. In Jonathan Kozol’s article, he demonstrates how the educational system in America is still racially divided despite the end of segregation in the 1900s. InRead MoreStill Separate, Still Unequal: America’s Educational Apartheid767 Words   |  4 Pagesessay â€Å"Still Separate, Still Unequal: America’s Educational Apartheid,† Jonathan Kozol brings our attention to the apparent growing tren d of racial segregation within America’s urban and inner-city schools (309-310). Kozol provides several supporting factors to his claim stemming from his research and observations of different school environments, its teachers and students, and personal conversations with those teachers and students. As we first take a look at the frightening statistics Kozol providesRead MoreFremont High School By Jonathan Kozol879 Words   |  4 Pages In the writing Fremont High School by Jonathan Kozol he discusses the reality of urban schools and how they are unable to obtain the proper education. At Fremont High School children are not always able to eat during their lunch period, the proper education needed for college is not obtained, the school reflects institutional discrimination, and the building is overcrowded limiting course offerings for children. Kozol shares his experiences with students and teachers while visiting FremontRead More Jonathan Kozols Savage Inequalities: Children in America’s Schools1185 Words   |  5 PagesJonathan Kozols Savage Inequalities: Children in America’s Schools In this detailed and shocking book, Jonathan Kozol describes the horrific and unjust conditions in which many children in today’s society are forced to get their education. Kozol discusses three major reasons for the discrepancies in America’s schools today: disparities of property taxes, racism, and the conflict between state and local control. The first of these reasons is that of the differences of available property

Who Were the Saracens of Asian History

Today, the word Saracen is mainly associated with the Crusades, a series of bloody European invasions into the Middle East that took place between 1095 and 1291 CE. The European Christian knights who went crusading used the term Saracen to denote their foes in the Holy Land (as well as Muslim civilians who happened to get in their way). Where did this odd-sounding word come from? What does it really mean? Meaning of Saracen The precise meaning of the word Saracen evolved over time, and which people it was applied to also changed through the ages. To speak very generally, though, it was a term for Middle Eastern people that was used by Europeans from at least late Greek or early Roman times forward. The word comes into English via the Old French Sarrazin, from the Latin Saracenus, itself derived from the Greek Sarakenos. The origins of the Greek term are unclear, but linguists theorize that it may come from the Arabic sharq meaning east or sunrise, perhaps in the adjective form sharqiy or eastern. Late Greek writers such as Ptolemy refer to some of the people of Syria and Iraq as Sarakenoi. The Romans later held them in grudging respect for their military capabilities, but certainly classed them among the barbarian peoples of the world. Although we do not know exactly who these people were, the Greeks and Romans distinguished them from the Arabs. In some texts, such as that of Hippolytus, the term seems to refer to the heavy cavalry fighters from  Phoenicia, in what is now Lebanon and Syria. During the early Middle Ages, Europeans lost touch with the outside world to some extent. Nonetheless, they remained aware of Muslim peoples, particularly since the Muslim Moors ruled the Iberian Peninsula. Even as late as the tenth century, though, the word Saracen was not necessarily considered the same as Arab nor as Moor -- the latter specifically designating the North African Muslim Berber and Arab peoples who had conquered much of Spain and Portugal. Racial Ties By the later Middle Ages, Europeans used the word Saracen as a pejorative term for any Muslim. However, there was also a racial belief current at the time that Saracens were black-skinned. Notwithstanding that, European Muslims from places like Albania, Macedonia, and Chechnya were considered Saracens. (Logic is not a requirement in any racial classification, after all.) By the time of the Crusades, Europeans were set in their pattern of using the word Saracen to refer to any Muslim. It was considered a disparaging term by this period, as well, stripped of even the grudging admiration that the Romans had bestowed upon the Saracens. This terminology dehumanized the Muslims, which likely helped the European knights to slaughter men, women, and children without mercy during the early Crusades, as they sought to wrest control of the Holy Land away from the infidels. The Muslims didnt take this insulting name lying down, however. They had their own none-too-complimentary term for the European invaders, as well. To the Europeans, all Muslims were Saracens. And to the Muslim defenders, all Europeans were Franks (or Frenchmen) -- even if those Europeans were English.

Education Religion And Education - 2010 Words

Religion in Education Public education in America was first founded April 23, 1635 at the Boston Latin School in Boston, Massachusetts. However the â€Å"first town in the U.S. to establish a free, tax-supported public school† was founded in 1644 in Dedham, Massachusetts (Walking Tour, 2010). Coincidentally though the teacher in Dedham, the first tax-funded public education, was Rev. Ralph Wheelock. Reverend Wheelock tied together education and religion to efficiently nurture youth to become contributing civil, community members of society and not just to advance technology and science. As the seed of education in America, Dedham antedating exemplified our current educational system; tax-funded, open to the public, and advanced society as a†¦show more content†¦Disconnecting the relationship of church and state is an issue of government endorsement and religious freedom. This public policy has become an issue of government endorsement as tax dollars are utilized to fund â€Å"hospitals operated by religious organizations, [and] chaplains are provided in the armed forces as well as in Congress† (Dye, 2013). The supplement of these services are direct endorsements of influencing religion and an even more threatening association of respecting a denomination. As the government funds these programs they construct a relationship between which religions they are funding, furthermore impeding other religions as one is favored more than the consequent. Addressing Religion in Education In the 1925 the Supreme Court case Pierce v. Society of Sisters, the court struck down the Oregon Compulsory Act of 1922 which â€Å"forc[ed] [students] to accept instruction from public teachers only,† and therefore were not allowed to attend private religious schools as they were private. The court interpreted this as in impedance of â€Å"free exercise† found within the First Amendment and Due Process clause within the Fourteenth Amendment (Dye, 199). In the 1947 Supreme Court case Everson v. Board of Education, the court upheld â€Å"bus transportation for parochial school children at public expense on the grounds that the wall of separation between church and state does not prohibit from adopting a general

ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR COURSE Case 5. MediSys Corp. The...

BUSINESS MANAGEMENT AND ANALYTICS BACHELOR DEGREE III course students: Patrick Dorval Simon PlouvierQuentin Chael 2013 11 05 ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOUR COURSE Case 5. MediSys Corp.: The IntensCare 2013 Contents TOC \o 1-3 \h \z \u The introduction (Patrick Dorval) PAGEREF _Toc371460703 \h 2Situation analysis PAGEREF _Toc371460704 \h 3Organization PAGEREF _Toc371460705 \h 3Policies of the organization PAGEREF _Toc371460706 \h 3Key players PAGEREF _Toc371460707 \h 4Problem identifications PAGEREF _Toc371460708 \h 5THEORETICAL SURVEY PAGEREF _Toc371460709 \h 6EVALUATION OF ALTERNATIVES PAGEREF _Toc371460710 \h 6SUGGESTED SOLUTION PAGEREF _Toc371460711 \h 6CONCLUSIONS PAGEREF _Toc371460712 \h 6REFERENCES PAGEREF _Toc371460713 \h 6†¦show more content†¦The lead engineer one the IntensCare project is Bret O’Brien. His main problem is with the deadlines given by the direction, which are a real challenge for him and his staff as the products are very complex to design and produce. They have difficult goals to reach with costs, time, and specified features. Karen Baio is a lawyer representing Regulatory Affairs on the team. She has been working with the company for years and her patience and persistence are appreciated. Her problem is that she is seen as an obstructionist by some of her teammates. She also finds Mukerjee and Merz difficult to tolerate. 3. Problem identification. What is the problem(s), try to analyze why they exist. This may lead to an even more critical (or basic) problem. Decide on ONE main problem. Problem identificationsThere are a lot of problems related to the case IntensCare. Indeed, there are a lot of issues related to the production of the product itself. First, the engineers have to face out with a space problem on the production line. For this problem, the president thinks the workers do not give their full potential. Also, as mentioned before, the marketing manager, Valerie Merz, thinks that the product will be way more popular if it gets a modular design. It seems to be a key factor for this kind of product; all the potential customers said that it was an important point. Moreover, the two potentials concurrent said that they

Organization Behaviour for Ethical and Social-myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theOrganization Behaviour for Ethical,Social and Cultural. Answer: Introduction The primary purpose of this essay is to address merits and demerits of stereotypes in the working place. It also supports to presents the organizational behavior in the working place. Stereotyping is thinking of an individual about any group or individual. This essay also helps to comprehend the methods by which a group and group member in the working place, which could affect the performance of the organization. It critically analysis theories of organizational behavior as it would support to for manage workplace issues. It also demonstrates the factors that could affect the organizational behaviors like ethical, social, and cultural. Meaning and concept of stereotype According to Stewart and Shamdasani (2014), stereotyping is the perception of an individual towards the behavior of a group. There are certain factors that could create the probability of stereotyping in the working place like culture, gender, age, race, ethnicity, and religion. The organization promotes non-discriminatory workplace by creating openness and individual difference acceptance in the working place to prevent the common negative belongingness. In opposition to this, Dolan (2014) examined that stereotyping is the signature technique of mentally organize a high range of information. It facilitates the organization to easily understand, predict, and organization situation in an organized way. There is a possibility to avoid unexpected data about each group member. It could also support to predict the behavior of the individual. Stereotype enables the organization to decline their stress and anxiety and increase self-esteem. It could make enable an individual to make their own norms towards nay inferiors and abnormal group. Stereotyping demonstrates that an individual has all the traits and capabilities of those group members have. Stereotype shows the social segment that is the cause of prejudice attitudes. Stereotypes offer fundamental functions for perceivers by offering the explanations for behaviors of others. It could be effective for improving the motivation level of perceivers. In support of this, Prause and Mujtaba (2015) stated that stereotypes could create many issues at the working place like abuse and mistreatment, lower level of morale, bad working relationship, and legal tension. It could negatively impact on the performance of the organization. If an organization is following stereotype then it could create the possibilities of abuse and mistreatment in the working place. It could negatively impact on the organizational image in the marketplace, which would decline performance of the company. Wilson (2017)argued that a primary issue of stereotyping is that it could be caused by low morale for an individual and group, which could directly influence organizational performance. Workforces who continue criticize and get a negative comment from another employee at the working place. It will decline motivation level of employees and interest towards their job as it would decline the productivity of the employee. Apart from this, it is also found that stereotyping could create the bad working relationship at the working place. If an organization has to stereotype but they believe in the teamwork to get higher success then it could create the major issue for obtaining a positive result. The workforce who is believed on serotypes rather than putting their efforts in the success of groups consequently it could create the possibilities of group failure. In support of this, Harris et al. (2014) illustrated that stereotypes in the working place could create the legal tension. If an individual is affected by discriminatory behaviors then they will sue that employee and group. Hence, it can be said that legal issue could negative image in the workplace. Theories of organization behavior According to Pinder (2014), organization theory support to evaluate the working situation of an organization that is occurred in the organization. There are certain organizational theories that are used by the organization to eliminate stenotypes and improve their performance like behavioral structures, classical structures, and contingency structures. The classical theory is used to follow the hierarchical structure in the working place that enables the company to operate systematically by interlink each employee with the diverse section. Through this strategy, employee communicates to the top management about their compliance and work. It could be supportive to eliminate the stereotypes from the organization. Through this method, management diversifies different sectors for solving issues effectively. It would also support to improve the efficiency of the company in limited time and cost. In opposition to this, Boddy, (2014) examined that contingency theory facilitates the organization to develop their working culture without any formal structure. The adaptation of working culture could be complex for the organization if it is made by the less experienced and knowledgeable manager. The primary advantage of structure workplace is that it facilitates the organization to address the specific needs of consumers. This theory considers both organization situation and manager personality due to making an effective workplace and obtains a positive outcome. Through this theory, organization and management will be capable to eliminate the stereotype from the working place. Pfeffer (2015) opined that behavioral approach could facilitate the organization to analyze the attitude and behavior of the workforce to lead them appropriately. This approach facilitates the organization to decline the negative effects of stereotypes and obtain a feasible outcome. This method facilitates the organization should discover attitude of the employee towards their work. Through this approach, the organization will be capable to develop an effective decision in the context of organizational aim and objectives, which will be imperative for accomplishing existence firm performance. Organizational issues related to the social, cultural, and ethical at the working place In oppose of this, Jung and Yoon, (2015) illustrated that there are three factors that could be caused of serotyping at the working place. It would negatively impact on the organizational performance. The culture is determined as the set of norms for people. Culture could demonstrate the behavior that is acceptable and not in the society. The organizational culture demonstrates company lifestyle. There are different components like working methods, belief, past record, organizational ethics, dress code, customer service quality, social engagement, working atmosphere, and teamwork. Moreover, it would directly influence the attitude of employees and negative impact on the organizational performance. In support of this, Shafritz et al. (2015) stated that ethics is also imperative for making a good atmosphere at the working place by conduct an appropriate code of conduct. It is complicated for an organization to manage the behavior of workforces if they follow their own ethical norms. Different ethical norms of the workforce could create difficulty for the company due to the difference between the workforce and organization of ethical norms. It would create the possibilities of an ethical problem in the organization. There are certain components which could be caused of the ethical issue at the working place such as delay to offer provident fund, sexual harassment, favoritism, and termination. Nonaka et al. (2014) explained that social problem could direct impact on workforce success in the organization. There are certain factors that create the possibility of social issues such as sexism, dependence, drug and alcohol, domestic violence, racism, and poverty. In addition, it is also found that such factors could demotivate workforce and decline their job satisfaction level by creating the negative attitude among the employees. Moreover, the social factor could create possibilities of serotyping at the working place. Strategies for improving organizational behavior at the working place In support of this, Manning (2017) stated that organization should use many strategies with respect to overcoming the ethical challenges from the organization like law identification, determine expectation, train employees, and be fair. It could support organization to create the best atmosphere in the working place. Consequently, ethical strategies could also improve existing situation of the company. The organization should use training and development method to aware employee code of conduct at the working place. It will be effective for obtaining a favorable result. On the other side, Nonaka et al. (2014) stated that cultural differences could influence organization performance but at the same time, there are many strategies that could eliminate cultural issues and obtain a reliable outcome. These strategies are acknowledged the difference between personal preference and business need, directly communicate with employees, and understand different culture value. The organization should critically understand the different culture and make a positive relationship with the employee by giving the value to their culture. Besides this, the organization should directly communicate with employees and mitigate difference related to thoughts and norms. It will be imperative to developing a reliable relation between organization and employees. In contrast to this, Jung and Yoon (2015) explained that the social issues could decline performance of organization hence the organization should use the CSR activity to eliminate the social issue form the organization. The CSR activity enables the organization to contribute in the social welfare. It will help to make a unique image in employees mind. It positively motivates the employee to perform better in the working place. As a result, the company will be capable to get a reliable result. Through this strategy, the organization would be capable to attract a large number of consumers in the least time and cost. Hence, it can be said that the CSR activity also supports the company to develop a unique image in the consumer mind. Conclusion From the above discussion, it can be concluded that each employee has a different code of conduct at the working place that could directly impact on the performance of the organization. It can also be summarized that there are many factors that could affect organizational behavior like structure, procedure, the process of organization. The management efficiency and interactions between employees could also affect organizational behavior. Moreover, it can also be addressed that there are three major factors that could directly impact on the organizational behavior. It is also found that organization should use for improving the organizational behavior at the working place. These strategies could support to motivate the employee to conduct ethical behavior at the working place. It could also aid to obtain a competitive benefit. Reference Boddy, C. R. (2014) Corporate psychopaths, conflict, employee affective well-being and counterproductive work behavior, Journal of Business Ethics,121(1), pp.107-121. Dolan, K. (2014) Gender stereotypes, candidate evaluations, and voting for women candidates: what really matters?,Political Research Quarterly,67(1), 96-107. Harris, J. R., Hannon, P. A., Beresford, S. A., Linnan, L. A., and McLellan, D. L. (2014) Health promotion in smaller workplaces in the United States, Annual review of public health,35, pp. 327-342. Jung, H. S., and Yoon, H. H. (2015) The impact of employees positive psychological capital on job satisfaction and organizational citizenship behaviors in the hotel, International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management,27(6), pp. 1135-1156. Manning, K. (2017) Organizational theory in higher education. UK: Routledge. Nonaka, I., Kodama, M., Hirose, A., and Kohlbacher, F. (2014) Dynamic fractal organizations for promoting knowledge-based transformationA new paradigm for organizational theory, European Management Journal,32(1), pp. 137-146. Pfeffer, J. (2015)Leadership BS: Fixing workplaces and careers one truth at a time. USA: HarperCollins. Pinder, C. C. (2014) Work motivation in organizational behavior. USA: Psychology Press. Prause, D., and Mujtaba, B. G. (2015) Conflict management practices for diverse workplaces, Journal of Business Studies Quarterly,6(3), P. 13. Shafritz, J. M., Ott, J. S., and Jang, Y. S. (2015)Classics of organization theory. USA: Cengage Learning. Stewart, D. W., and Shamdasani, P. N. (2014) Focus groups: Theory and practice(Vol. 20). UK: Sage publications. Wilson, F. M. (2017)Organizational behavior and gender. UK: Routledge.

The Different Styles of Music in America free essay sample

America America is known for its diversity in many ways, including music. The melting pot that is the United States has been filled with many different cultures, religions, and ethnicities that have influenced music. Three very distinctive genres of music are jazz, country, and rap. Each has Its own style, beat, and feeling, and each of them has a very different origin. Rap, which Is also called hip-hop, originated In New York City In the sasss. Some of the original rappers in that period were Grandmaster Flash and Africa Bumboat. Hip-hops synthesized beat and rhythmically spoken lyrics are very unique to the style. When It was first created, It was mainly targeted and listened to by the African- American community, but today It has become more mainstream. Some contemporary rappers are Mine, Drake, and Jay-Z. Country music is often thought of as Americas music. It originated from the Western folk music and bluegrass of the sasss. We will write a custom essay sample on The Different Styles of Music in America or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It uses a variety of instruments such as banjos, guitars, violins, fiddles, harmonicas, and even jugs. Since the classics likeLoretta Lynn, Dolly Parrot, and Willie Nelson, country music has stayed consistent in popularity and has brought new stars such as Carrie underworld, Taylor Swift, and Blake Shelton. It has and will remain to be a strong, patriotic symbol of our country. Perhaps one of the most unique sounding styles of music is Jazz. It is an often improvised and random compilation of notes and sounds from all sorts of instruments. It started in New Orleans, the Home of Jazz, in the early twentieth century. The Jazz Age was a time when the classic Jazz musicians such as LouisArmstrong, Count Basis, Duke Elongating, and Glenn Miller emerged. Today, jazz music has remained a part of American culture and has continued through musicians like Wanton Marshals, Hereby Hancock, and Dave Bruce who have stayed akin to the traditional sounds of Jazz. The diversity of America has shown through its music In many ways. The three genres I have described each have Its own specific style, feeling, and background because each was influenced by the different cultures that have merged Into American society.As Billy Joel once said, It (music) Is an explosive expression of immunity. Its something we are all touched by. With all of Its diversity, this music perfectly represents America. By Guatemala jazz, country, and rap. Each has its own style, beat, and feeling, and each of them has Rap, which is also called hip-hop, originated in New York City in the sasss. Some style. When it was first created, it was mainly targeted and listened to by the African- American community, but today it has become more mainstream. Some as banjos, guitars, violins, fiddles, harmonicas, and even Jugs.Since the classics like popularity and has brought new stars such as Carrie Underworld, Taylor Swift, and Armstrong, Count Basis, Duke Elongating, and Glenn Miller emerged. Today, Jazz music The diversity of America has shown through its music in many ways. The three genres I have described each have its own specific style, feeling, and background because each was influenced by the different cultures that have merged into American society. As Billy Joel once said, It (music) is an explosive expression of humanity. Its something we are all touched by.

Roe vs Wade Ruling

This refers to the 1973 controversial case where the Supreme Court declared unconstitutional all state laws that prevented women from procuring an abortion. In many states, abortion was considered the killing of the unborn hence it was unconstitutional.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Roe vs Wade Ruling – the Result of the Supreme Court specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The states regulated abortion since they only allowed it when the life of the mother was in danger. The Dallas court ruled that women had to be allowed to procure an abortion at any stage. The court observed that a woman would conduct an abortion at the first trimester, as well as the second, but it outlawed abortion at the third trimester. However, the decision of the court was that abortion could still be conducted at the third trimester provided the health of the mother was in danger. The ruling of the court was controversial since it div ided the nation into two factions, with one side supporting the decision while another faction was opposed to the decision. The culture wars that are currently experienced in the country are the result of the Supreme Court on Roe v. Wade ruling. The states restricted abortion mainly because women had no right to make decisions on reproduction. The decision came at the time when feminism was taking root in the country. Some of the feminist law scholars claimed that the constitutional rights of Roe had been violated since the Texas law could not allow her to procure an abortion, yet she was uncomfortable with it. Roe observed that she could not tour a different state since she was pregnant. In this regard, she had to be permitted to end the pregnancy in a safer setting. The District Attorney, Wade, was mentioned as the correspondent. The jury established that the Texas law had violated the rights of the complainant, Roe. The state attorney was not satisfied with the decision of the Da llas Court and he decided to appeal to the Supreme Court to review the case once more. The Supreme Court conducted an assessment on the decision of the Dallas court in 1971 and 1972. The Supreme Court gave a decision that upheld the previous ruling, claiming that the Texas law had violated the constitutional rights of Roe. It was established that her right to privacy had been compromised hence she had to be allowed to procure an abortion. The Supreme Court invoked the First, Fourth, Ninth, and Fourteenth Amendments in issuing the ruling. In the constitution, the above amendments suggest that issues related to marriage, the use of contraception, ant the upbringing of children are private. In this regard, the court upheld that women have the right to decide whether to keep the pregnancy or terminate it.Advertising Looking for essay on administrative law? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The ruling of the Supreme Court on Roe v. W ade is still under review among societal members since some individuals believe that life is sacred and should be preserved under all conditions. Some are of the view that abortion should only be procured at some stages, but once a fetus is five months old, it should not be disturbed unless the life of the mother is in danger. Some conservatives suggest that abortion should not be allowed to go on in society since it amounts to murder. In this regard, it should be illegalized and all those found doing it should be prosecuted. On the other hand, liberals argue that abortion should be legalized and the government should offer free abortion to all women since it is their constitutional right. This essay on Roe vs Wade Ruling – the Result of the Supreme Court was written and submitted by user Jaiden Mcclure to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Scotland essays

Scotland essays Scotland is part of the United Kingdom on the British Isles. It makes up one-third, or 32% of the island. It is bordered on the north and west by the Atlantic Ocean, while the North Sea is to the east of the country. England makes up the southeastern border. The Irish Sea is directly south of Scotland. The total area of the country is a little more than 30,400 square miles. Scotland has a positive-relative location, and is a developed country. There are over 800 islands that are part of the nation, although there are only 186 islands that are inhabited. The majority of Scotland's islands lay on its west coast. They are divided into two groups: the Inner Hebrides, and the Outer Hebrides. The greatest length of Scotland is about 287 miles on the mainland; including the Orkney and Shetland islands to the north would stretch the length to 450 miles. The widest stretch of land is about 150 miles, and the skinniest width goes down to 24 miles. Scotland is divided into three regions: the Highlands, the Central Lowlands, and the Southern Uplands. More than half of Scotland is the Highlands, which is the most rugged region of all of the British Isles. The Highlands contains the highest point in the British Isles: Ben Nevis, part of the Grampian Mountains. The mountain stretches 4,406 feet up. "It is a common ambition of climbers to ascend these [Grampian] hills" (Horn, 1998). Between the hills are narrow valleys known as glens. Below the Highlands is the Central Lowlands. Contradicting its name, the Lowlands consists of a continuous line of hills. The highest point in this region is Ben Cleuch, reaching up 2,363 feet. The southernmost region of Scotland is the Southern Uplands. Similar to the Highlands, this region is very mountainous; however, the hills are less elevated and less rugged. The hills are more rounded and tend to be grassy. The valleys in this region are a lot wider and less rugged than in...

Biography of Lady Bird Johnson, First Lady

Biography of Lady Bird Johnson, First Lady Occupation:  First Lady 1963-1969; businesswoman and ranch manager Known for:  Beautification campaign; support for Head Start Also known  as:  Claudia Alta Taylor Johnson. Named Lady Bird by a nursemaid. Dates:  December 22, 1912 - July 11, 2007 Lady Bird Johnson Facts Born  in Karnack, Texas, to a wealthy family: father Thomas Jefferson Taylor, mother Minnie Patillo Taylor Married Lyndon Baines Johnson, November 17, 1934, after meeting him that summer Children: Lynda Bird Johnson Robb (1944-): married Charles Robb in East Room of the White House, December 9, 1967Luci Baines Johnson Nugent Turpin (1947-): married Patrick Nugent August 6, 1966, at the White House, marriage annulled 1979; married Ian Turpin at the LBJ Ranch, March 4, 1984 Lady Bird Johnson Biography Lady Bird Johnsons mother died when Lady Bird was five, and Lady Bird was raised by an aunt. She loved reading and nature from an early age, and graduated from St. Marys Episcopal School for Girls (Dallas) and earned a history degree from the University of Texas (Austin) in 1933, returning another year to earn a degree in journalism. After eloping with Congressional aide Lyndon Baines Johnson in 1934, Lady Bird Johnson miscarried four times before giving birth to their daughters, Lynda and Luci. Lady Bird told Lyndon, during their short courtship, I would hate for you to to into politics. But she financed his campaign for US Congress, using her inheritance as collateral to get a loan, when he ran in a special election in 1937. During World War II, Lyndon Johnson was the first Congressman to volunteer for active duty. While he served in the Navy in the Pacific 1941-1942, Lady Bird Johnson maintained his Congressional office. In 1942, Lady Bird Johnson bought a financially-troubled radio station in Austin, KTBC, using her inheritance. Serving as manager of the company, Lady Bird Johnson brought the station into financial health and used it as the basis for a communications company that also grew to include a television station. Lyndon and Lady Bird Johnson also owned extensive ranching property in Texas, and Lady Bird Johnson managed those for the family. Lyndon Johnson won a seat in the Senate in 1948, and in 1960, after his own bid for the presidency failed, John F. Kennedy selected him as running mate. Lady Bird had taken a public speaking course in 1959, and in the 1960 campaign began more active campaigning. She was credited by JFKs brother Robert with the Democratic win in Texas. Throughout his career, she was also known as a gracious hostess to his political and diplomatic guests. Lady Bird Johnson became First Lady when her husband succeeded Kennedy after his assassination in 1963. She hired Liz Carpenter to head her press office, to craft her public image in the wake of the immense popularity of her predecessor, Jacqueline Kennedy. In the 1964 election, Lady Bird Johnson actively campaigned, again emphasizing Southern states, this time in the face of strong and sometimes ugly opposition because of her husbands support of civil rights. After LBJs election in 1964, Lady Bird Johnson took on several projects as her focus. She is best known for her beautification programs to improve urban and highway environments. She actively worked for legislation (unusual for a First Lady) to pass the Highway Beautification Bill, which passed in October 1965. She is less recognized for her role in promoting Head Start, a preschool program for disadvantaged children, part of her husbands War on Poverty program. Because of her husbands ill health his first heart attack had been in 1955 and increasing opposition to his Vietnam policies, Lady Bird Johnson urged him not to run for reelection. She is credited with making his 1968 withdrawal speech even stronger than he had originally written it, adding I will not accept to I will not seek the nomination. After her husbands withdrawal from the 1968 election, Lady Bird Johnson maintained many of her own interests. She served on the University of Texas System Board of Regents for six years. She worked with her husband before his death to open his presidential library in 1972. They gave the LBJ ranch to the United States as a national historic site in 1972, while retaining rights during their lifetimes. In 1970, Lady Bird Johnson converted hundreds of hours of taped daily impressions shed made while in the White House, publishing them in book form as White House Diary. In 1973, Lyndon Baines Johnson suffered another heart attack, and soon died. Lady Bird Johnson continued to be active with her family and causes. The National Wildflower Research Center, founded by Lady Bird Johnson in 1982, was renamed the Lady Bird Johnson Wildlife Center in 1998 in honor of her work with the organization and issue. She spent time with her daughters, seven grandchildren, and (at this writing) nine great-grandchildren. Living in Austin, she spent some weekends at the LBJ ranch, sometimes greeting visitors there. Lady Bird Johnson suffered a stroke in 2002, which affected her speech but didnt completely keep her from public appearances. She died July 11, 2007, at her home.

Read the following paper on Petroleum Engineering education and Essay

Read the following paper on Petroleum Engineering education and prepare a review summary report. ( read page 2, page 3 and page 4 ) - Essay Example Operations in the centre began in the year 2001 using an intricate system to select candidates because it allows for enrolment of students who have the capacity to capture significant information within a short time. Presently, the centre boasts of a competent team of mentors and research officers with each having a steadfast specialty in a given aspect of field development. The instructors can present and support various development projects before state officials. This makes the centre proud of having competent personnel focused on training elite individuals to work in oil companies. Academic success of learners entirely depends on the eminence of their background education. This calls for collaboration amid universities (Heriot- Watt University, Tomsk Polytechnic University, Pokholkov & Dmitriev 4). The most notable contribution made by the centre is the ability to improve the education quality control system. This is through the introduction of a component pertaining to training that allows for holding of mock examinations in accordance to the identical procedures as real exams. The exams are used to monitor the present academic progress of learners. Conclusively, graduates from the centre boast of favourable career prospects. They have a higher likelihood of holding top positions in major oil companies in the coming

No topic Discussion Question Mgt 380 Dissertation

No topic Discussion Question Mgt 380 - Dissertation Example There are times when the wrong decisions are made and the question of accountability comes into the equation. This is when leaders have to explain how and why they were made, and what recourse has to be made to recuperate losses as well as corporate images. Circumstances that pose immediate danger to life, property, sales revenues however, may lead to other leaders arising from lower level in the ranks to take charge. A building on fire or a company vehicle tied up in an accident traffic accidents and workers are indecisive as top what to do, are also typical examples of situations where participants will be require to make quick decisions. However, in the design of a product, choosing the most economical distribution routes, the location of the best manufacturing sites, as well as who to employ to fill certain positions, require considering alternatives, as well as others, and has to be done by trained and experienced executives. Leaders may also from time reject suggestions that do not conform to their expectations, but may suffer from a lack of cooperation when time comes for execution of the strategic decision that was un-democratically made. Decision making according to Drucker, should rest always with executives or leaders who should strive to maximize the inputs of their respective teams as much as possible. During such process they should make it known that the final responsibility for the decision rests with them, but they value the contribution of every participant, and will consider all options before deciding (Drucker 1974). Question Q 2 Power according to Etzioni, can be either coercive, utilitarian or normative (Tichy & Candwell 2002). The first type of leader uses force to get the job done, while the second uses incentives, especially in a working environment to achieve the same objective. Normative Power occurs when values are employed to appeal to the inner constitution of people to generate commitment and a sense of purpose. The kind of power that I can identify is the normative one, where people are treated with respect, and their opinions valued in any business or social operation. By constantly communicating those attributes people who are so treated, will feel a part of my team and will go the extra mile to help achieve the mutually established goals and objectives. In addition, at times I will employ the utilitarian source of power along with the normative to help my teams motivated. This is because although they will feel important, at times rewards will serve to reinforce those values that have been communicated to them. Having these two sources at my disposal will always lead to people become loyal, committed, disciplined and very flexible in a knowledge base economy that is subjected to changing conditions at times. These are the values that I may be able upon in times of crisis, when team support and innovations becomes extremely important to the maintenance of competitive edge. Discussion Q 3 My favorite and l east favorite bosses were on opposite ends of a continuum, due to the leadership traits that they portrayed. The relationship between my most favored boss and me was an excellent one, and it made the work flow easy, even though at time some of the tasks were challenging. The fact that he was approachable, had an open door policy and

Philosophy of Education :: Philosophy of Teaching Statement

Philosophy of Education I fell in love with learning when I was only a small child. With the support and encouragement of my parents, I have come to know the value of education and have a desire to instill this same sense of structure in students I will come in contact with. For this reason, and a few others, I decided to become a teacher. Ever since I was a younger I loved the idea of school and was eager to get started. All throughout my life I have had a passion for learning and always knew that I was meant to teach. The first time I truly realized that I was born to teach was when I taught my smaller cousins before they started kindergarten. I was ten years old and my cousins would soon start school. I started working with them four months before they enrolled. By the time school started they knew how to count to ten, write their names, and say their ABC’s. When I think back I realize I was proud of myself. However, I can remember at the time only being proud of them. I think one of the most important concepts of teaching is letting the children know they are the ones that have accomplished a goal. I feel that the purpose of education is to instill a basic sense of knowledge in those who want it. I do not think education is something that should be forced, but I would highly recommend the entire education process. However, I do not feel that education is meant for everyone. I feel that people are born with an inner desire to learn. Gradually, those people turn that desire into a lifelong career. I hope to encourage my students to try their best and be content with their abilities. I do not believe that all children are able to reach the same academic level but I do feel that each individual child has his/her own way of understanding things that will make sense to him/her. I hope to emphasize the variation of the ways to learn in my classroom. Different ways of learning include, but are not limited to, the following: visually, verbally, and kinesthetically.

Energy Drink and Alternative Beverages Essay

1. What are the strategically relevant components of the global and U. S. beverage industry macro-environment? How do the economic characteristics of the alternative beverage segment of the industry differ from that of other beverage categories? Explain. SEGMENTATION: The global market for alternative beverages was divided by product type (sports drinks, energy drinks, and vitamin-enhanced beverages) with different demands for each group. Sports drinks accounted for nearly 60% of alternative beverage sales in 2009, while vitamin-enhanced drinks and energy drinks got about 23% and 18% of 2009 alternative beverage sales, respectively, in the US. RIVALRY: The worldwide competition between three major producers (PepsiCo, Coca-Cola and Red Bull) made the industry rivalry become global. In U. S. , Pepsico has engulfed almost half or 47. 8% of the market shares last 2009. The only region where Coca-Cola beats Pepsico is in Asia-Pacific. Coca-cola has 13. 7% of the market shares while Pepsico has 12. 4%. Worldwide, Pepsico is still leading among the three with 26. 5% of market shares while Coca-Cola and Red Bull had 11. 5% and 7%, respectively. MARKET SIZE: The global beverage industry’s dollar value for beverages in 2009 was $1,581. 7 billion (458. 4 billion liters); with 48. 2% of industry sales was from carbonated soft drinks, 29. 2% from bottle water, 4. 0% from sports drinks, 1. 6% flavored or enhanced water, and 1. 2% from energy drinks. The dollar value of global market for alternative beverages in the same year was $40. 2 billion (12. 7 billion liters), while the dollar value of the U. S. market for alternative beverages stood at $17 billion (4. 2 billion liters). Meanwhile, in Asia-Pacific region, the dollar value for alternative beverages in 2009 was $12. 7 billion (6. 2 billion liters) and it was $9. 1 billion (1. 6 billion liters) in the European market. MARKET GROWTH: The dollar value of the global beverage industry had grown approximately 2. 6% annually from 2005 to 2009 and was forecasted to grow approximately 2. 3% annually from 2010 to 2014. However, this indicator for the alternative beverage industry was much higher. For example, the dollar value of the global market for alternative beverages grew at a 9. 8% annually from 2005 to 2009, but was expected to slow down to 5. 7% annually from 2010 to 2014. Based on the geographic share of the alternative beverages market, U. S. largely covers 42. 3% of it; while Asia-Pacific, Europe and Americas (excluding U. S. ) only cover 31. 5%, 22. 2% and 4% respectively. US is the country that has strongest growth internationally in terms of alternative beverage sales with a 84. 78% growth between 2005 and 2009; while Europe and Asia-Pacific are 22. 97% and 24. 51%, respectively. However, poor economic conditions in the US in 2008 and 2009 led to a 12. 3% decline in sports drink sales and a 12. 5% decline in flavored and vitamin-enhanced waters sales. It was also the reason why energy drinks sales increased just a little of 0. 2% between those years. 2. What is competition like in the alternative beverage industry? Which of the five competitive forces is strongest? Which is weakest? What competitive forces seem to have the greatest effect on industry attractiveness and the potential profitability of new entrants? In the beverage industry, competition can be extensive (large scale). There are many substitute beverages from tea,soft drinks,fruit juices, and bottled water. Provided that there is a wide range of substitute beverages, this weakens the competitive power of substitute beverages when there comes a change to consumer preference. Because there is a large purchase for wholesale clubs, grocery stores, and convenience stores ; consumers have significant influence in negotiations for pricing and slotting fees with the producers. Wholesale clubs and the likes find it difficult to represent new brands due to limited shelf space.when products become a household name such as coca cola, red bull, etc already offer the demands of consumers. Coca Cola and PepsiCo are the least vulnerable when it comes to substitute products since they offer a wide range of variety beverages. The strongest competitive force is competitive rivalry within the industry, competition grows stronger by the year. The primary focus on brand image is key to becoming a household name in the industry, Attractive packaging should be developed, New research and product development, Increase of distribution capabilities, Better taste and more variety. The Bargaining power and leverage of suppliers is the weakest competitive force, Consumers tend to buy more alternative products. The threat of new brands varies by market maturity of each alternative beverage category. Competition is strong and will continue on growing every year in the product line. Competition among all brands center mostly on brand image, attractive packaging, new product and research development, sales promotion, better access to shelf space, and strengthening distribution capabilities. Rivals expands their numbers and types of alternative beverages in their product line, the opportunity for low switch cost for consumers gets introduced and sales efforts to establish consumers brand loyalty. 3. How is the market for energy drinks, sports drinks and vitamin-enhanced beverages changing? What are the underlying drivers of change and how might those forces individually or collectively make the industry more or less attractive? The market for energy drinks, sports drinks and vitamin-enhanced beverages is now changing due to the change in the long-term industry growth rate. Because of the US recession on the entire beverage industry the demand for the alternative beverages was expected to grow worldwide as the purchasing power of the consumers increased. The volume of the alternative beverages offered higher profit margin than those of other beverages. Product innovation, in terms of flavors and formulation, was the most important competitive feature of the alternative beverages. They competed on the basis of differentiation from traditional drinks. This made the industry attractive because of the enhanced look and flavors that the company made. The modernization in marketing and distribution system changed the industry in the way that the beverages may be bought from convenience stores, restaurants, sporting events, delis, concerts, festivals, carnivals and vending machines. The industry was made more attractive because of the famous artists that the companies hire for advertisements. There was also an expansion of target markets, and an increase in new entrants, which made the industry seem appealing to others. The regulations and policies that the government implemented made the industry less attractive due to the products’ faults being exposed to the public. The growing concern of people about health associated with their consumption also made the industry less attractive. For example, caffeine in energy drinks, mixture of alcohol and energy drinks, melatonine hormone in relaxation drinks, and use of Kava and unapproved valerian roots as food additives. The drivers of change, however, will unlikely alter the attractiveness of the alternative beverages for the next years because large producers of this industry would rely on product innovations and acquisitions to increase sales and market shares. But individual and collective effect of industry drivers of change will likely affect the attractiveness of the industry. 4. What does your strategic group map of the energy drinks, sports drink, and vitamin-enhanced beverage industry look like? Which strategic groups do you think are in the best positions? The worst positions? PepsiCo, Coca-Cola, Red Bull GmbH, and Hansen Natural Corporation are strategic groups that are in the best positions because they have already established a market position and they hold most of the market share in the alternative beverage industry. They also account for most of the sales in the industry and they have conquered not just US but also Europe and some parts of Asia and America. Living Essentials, Vacation in a Bottle, Dream Water or Drank are strategic groups that are in the worst positions. This is due to the small number of consumers that they have and policies implemented by the government hinder their expansion. Though Living Essentials lead the development of energy drinks, they did not expanded their market thus other companies took advantage of the opportunity. 5. What key factors determine the success of alternative beverage producers? The four key factors that determine the success of alternative beverage producers: (1) access to distribution, (2) innovating product skills, (3) image, and (4) sufficient sales volume. The first one is access to distribution, which is regarded as the most important industry success factor due to the fact that most brands of energy drinks/alternative beverages cannot achieve good sales volumes and market shares unless they are widely available in stores, and there are also far too many brands for all to be included on store shelves. Popular brands that enjoyed first mover advantages such as Red Bull and 5-Hour Energy and brands offered by Coca-Cola and PepsiCo were assured of consistent access to distribution. The second factor is innovating product skills. By definition, alternative beverages were different from traditional beverages based upon product innovation. Moreover, continuing product innovations were essential to developing additional volume gains from line extensions and the entry into new categories like energy shots. The third one is image, which was also a critical factor in choosing a brand of customers. The image presented by the product’s name and emphasized in advertisements, endorsements, and promotions created demand for one brand over another. Brand image was also a result of labels and packaging that alternative beverage consumer found appealing. Small producers with poor image building capabilities found it difficult to compete in the industry unless the product enjoyed a first-mover advantage similar to that achieved by 5-Hour Energy. Finally, sufficient sales volume to achieve scale economies in marketing expenditures is also an important driver. Successful alternative beverage producers were required to have sufficient sales volumes to keep marketing expenses at an acceptable cost per unit basis. 6. What recommendations would you make to Coca-Cola to improve its competitiveness in the global alternative beverage industry? to PepsiCo? to Red Bull GmbH? Coca Cola * Increase alternative beverage drink brand awareness in Europe and capture its market * Grow infrastructure in Africa. * Continue to budget and implement their â€Å"2020 vision† corporate strategy * Enhance product line and innovation PepsiCo * Focus on current energy drink line * Continue to promote their tea and juice-energy lines * Offer different sized cans for current energy drink lines of No fear and Amp * Proceed to distribute Rockstar energy drinks and strengthen their alliance with them RedBull * Expand product line while focusing on market penetration in South America * Branch out with additional lines of alternative beverages * Continue to promote brand.